Hello~ this is Rei.
It was long day and there are only two MTs left.
so, cheer up!!
Here are my questions.
Q1. What are the steps for interaction in second language acquisition by Long?
Q2. What kind of strategies are used in conversation between native speakers and non native speakers?
Q3. In Mackey's experiment what kind language formation was engaged? and what are the reasons to focused on the language formation?
According to terms of interaction in second language acquisition, What kind of CIs and MIs can be provided for non native speakers? and explain why you choose the techniques.
Good night!
Q1. What are the steps for interaction in second language acquisition by Long?
ReplyDeleteThe steps for interaction in second language acquisition by Long are showing that linguistic/conversational adjustments promote comprehension of input. Then, you can show comprehension of input promotes acquisition. Finally, you can deduce that linguistic/conversational adjustment promote acquisition.
Q2. What kind of strategies are used in conversation between native speakers and non native speakers?
They used some conversational tactics such as repetitions, confirmation checks, comprehension checks or clarification requests.
Q3. In Mackey's experiment what kind language formation was engaged? and what are the reasons to focused on the language formation?
The question formation was engaged in Mackey’s experiment. He focused on it, because by interacting with partner the non-native speaker can show the development in making the question along the stages. So, his experiment can give me the proof that participation in interaction can bring second language development.
According to terms of interaction in second language acquisition, What kind of CIs and MIs can be provided for non native speakers? and explain why you choose the techniques.
I think giving more pair works and group works would work according to interaction in second language acquisition. Because the non native speakers can negotiate with other in order to comprehend about the task, and that kind of interaction resulted in input.
HL
● interaction hypothesis: The Interaction hypothesis is a theory of second-language acquisition which states that the development of language proficiency is promoted by face-to-face interaction and communication.
● Clarification Request: If the information provided is insufficient or unclear, this request can be occurred to make it easier to understand during validation or verification
● Empirical study: a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience.
● conversational tactic: Conversation tactics are ways of adjusting communication to suit individual needs. They can help a person with a hearing loss to join in and enjoy general conversation and are particularly useful in difficult listening situations such as background noise.
● modified input: The input with increased redundancy and simplified grammar.
● interlocutor: a person with whom you are having a converation
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. 1) show linguistic/conversational adjustments promote comprehension of input
ReplyDelete2) show comprehensible input promotes acquisition.
3) deduce linguistic/conversational adjustments promote acquisition.
2. in order to solve ongoing communication difficulties the native speaker, non-native speaker pairs were much more likely to make use of conversational tactics such as repetitions, confirmation checks or clarification requests.
3. Mackey's experimental study produced statistically significant results showing that the learners who had engaged in interaction progressed on (or more) stages in second language question formation, while the non-interactors failed to do so. It provides some of the clearest evidence available that taking part in interaction can facilitate second language development this is in support of Long's.
AP
How does this information help an English teacher?
The Interaction Hypothesis is a type of theory proposing that one of most effective methods of learning a new language is through personal and direct interaction. This theory is applied specifically to the acquisition of a foreign or a second language.
Through the Interaction Hypothesis, Professor Long integrated and reconciled two hypotheses on second language acquisition (SLA): the input and the output hypotheses. The Input Hypothesis states that a language learner only needs to be supplied with “input” through the forms of reading, listening to conversations, and lessons on grammar and vocabulary. The Output Hypothesis, on the other hand, stresses the importance of practicing and speaking to retain and remember the language.
Q1. What are the steps for interaction in second language acquisition by Long?
ReplyDeleteFirstly, Linuistic and conversational adjustments help input to be conprehensible.
Secondly, the comprehensible input makes acquisition.
Therefore, Linguistic and conversational adjustments promote acquisition.
Q2. What kind of strategies are used in conversation between native speakers and non native speakers?
Repetitions, confirmation checks, comprehension checks and clarification requests are used in the two sets of conversations.
Q3. In Mackey's experiment what kind language formation was engaged? and what are the reasons to focused on the language formation?
In Mackey's experimental study, question forms were used because they are easily elicited and exist in every stage of learning. There are opportunities to interact and negotiate for meaning.
According to terms of interaction in second language acquisition, What kind of CIs and MIs can be provided for non native speakers? and explain why you choose the techniques.
I think, TSST is good for second language learners to have lots of opportunities to interact with others because they can use simple sentences and question forms. In addition, one important reason why it is good is to have model's answers as teacher's answers.
SUMMARY
It is very important for second language learners to have lots of opportunities to interact with others due to improving their proficiency. There are little ligustic differences between Having conversation between two native speakers and having conversation between native speaker and non native speaker, but various techiniques are needed when native speaker and non native speaker have a conversation. It is called Interaction hypothesis. As as second language teachers, they should try to help students interact and make input comprehensible for their acquisition.